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Burun ve paranazal sinüsler · Patoloji · Yüksek öncelik

Sinonazal adenokarsinom

Sinonasal adenocarcinoma

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Sinonazal adenokarsinom: yayımlanmış olgu görüntüsü, koronal kesit

4 adım

Görüntü: Skálová A, Taheri T, Bradová M ve ark., “SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a rare variant of SWI/SNF-deficient malignancy often misclassified as high-grade non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma or myoepithelial carcinoma.” 2024, Fig. 1. PMC11329539 · doi:10.1007/s00428-023-03650-2 · CC BY 4.0. Değişiklik: kırpıldı, yeniden boyutlandırıldı, odak işaretleri eklendi.

Özet

Sinonazal adenokarsinom, etmoid sinüs veya nazal kavitede gelişebilen ve intestinal tip alt grubu mesleki ahşap tozu maruziyetiyle güçlü biçimde ilişkili olan nadir bir malign tümördür. Kontrastlı ince kesit BT, kitle merkezini, kemik erozyonunu ve orbita ya da kafa tabanına uzanımı haritalar; MR yumuşak doku ve intrakraniyal yayılımı tamamlar. BT görünümü histolojik alt tipi tek başına belirlemez ve skuamöz hücreli kanserle örtüşebilir. Lamina papyracea veya kribriform plak tutulumu atlanırsa hastalığın komşu kritik bölgelere yayılımı eksik evrelenebilir.

Faz ve pencere

Kontrastsız tanısal
BT değerlendirmesinde kontrastsız ve kontrastlı fazlar, üç düzlemde yumuşak doku ve kemik algoritmalarında yeniden formatlanmış görüntülerle incelenir; adenokarsinom BT'de yumuşak doku kitlesi olarak görülür ve bazen kalsifikasyon içerebilir.
Kontrastlı tanısal
Sinonazal kitlenin BT değerlendirmesinde kemik yayılımı ince kesit kemik algoritmasıyla incelenir. BT ve MR tümörün boyutunu, yayılımını ve orbita ile kafa tabanı gibi komşu yapılara invazyonunu değerlendirmede kullanılır; MR yumuşak dokuyu karakterize etmede ve kritik uzanımı göstermede tamamlayıcıdır. BT değerlendirmesi kontrastsız ve kontrastlı fazları içerebilir; görüntüler üç düzlemde yumuşak doku ve kemik algoritmalarında yeniden formatlanarak incelenir.

Önerilen pencereler G genişlik, M merkez; değerler Hounsfield birimi (HU)

  • Yumuşak dokuG 400 / M +40
  • KemikG 1800 / M +400

BT bulguları

  • Etmoid hücreler veya üst nazal kavitede merkezlenen solid yumuşak doku kitlesi.
  • Sinonazal adenokarsinomda, özellikle yüksek dereceli tümörlerde kemik yıkımı görülebilir.
  • Kribriform plak veya fovea ethmoidalis erozyonu ve ön kafa çukuru tabanına yaklaşım.
  • Sinonazal adenokarsinom nazal kaviteden maksiller sinüse uzanabilir.
  • BT'de sinonazal adenokarsinom yumuşak doku kitlesi olarak görülür; yoğunluğu heterojen olup hipoizodens-izodens olabilir.
  • Etmoid yerleşim intestinal tip adenokarsinomla ilişkili olabilir; mesleki ahşap tozu maruziyeti de bu alt tip için bir risk faktörüdür, ancak görüntülemede ITAC'ı non-ITAC'tan güvenilir biçimde ayıran özgül özellik tanımlanmamıştır.
  • Orbita medial duvarı, periorbita veya kafa tabanı komşuluğunda infiltratif yumuşak doku.
  • Kitle yayılımını değerlendirirken orbita, ön kafa tabanı ve dura/intrakraniyal uzanımı ayrı ayrı incele; BT ve MR bu komşu yapılara invazyonun değerlendirilmesinde kullanılır.

Ölçütler ve sınıflamalar

WHO Baş ve Boyun Tümörleri Sınıflaması, 5. baskı (2022)
Sinonazal adenokarsinomlar intestinal tip ve intestinal olmayan tip alt gruplarına ayrılır. Görüntüleme histolojik alt tipi belirlemez; kesin alt tip patoloji ve gerekli moleküler değerlendirmeyle konur.

Normalde

Sinonazal kitlenin boyutu, yayılımı ve komşu yapılara invazyonu BT ve MR ile değerlendirilir. Kontrastlı görüntülemede tümörün sekresyonlardan ayırımı ve komşu yumuşak doku planlarında invazyon varlığı incelenir.

Normal BT ile kıyasla

Aynı bölgenin, kaynak veri setinde patoloji içermediği belirtilen bir BT incelemesini kesit kesit kaydırın; organ sınırlarını açarak anatomiyi hasta görüntüsüyle karşılaştırın. Küçük rastlantısal bulgular tümüyle dışlanmamıştır.

Kaynak: TotalSegmentator v2.01 veri seti (Wasserthal ve ark., Radiology: Artificial Intelligence 2023), CC BY 4.0, vaka s0849; organ sınırları veri setinin otomatik segmentasyonundan, birleştirilerek sadeleştirildi. Görüntüler 2,5 mm kesit aralığına yeniden örneklendi.

Ayırıcı tanı

Sinonazal skuamöz hücreli karsinom
görüntüleme bulguları adenokarsinomla örtüşebilir.
Estesioneuroblastom
sinonazal kitle kribriform plak erozyonu ve ön kafa tabanına komşuluk gösterebilir.
Sinonazal lenfoma
sinonazal tümörlerin ayırıcı tanısında yer alır.
İnverted papillom
sinonazal bölgenin primer nazal tümörlerinden biridir.
İnvaziv fungal sinüzit
immün baskılanmada sinüs dışı yağ planı infiltrasyonu ve nekroz eşlik edebilir.

Tuzaklar

  • Sinüs içindeki sekresyon kitleye bitişik olabilir; kemik erozyonunun ve kontrastlanan solid komponentin merkezini ayrı ayrı belirle.
  • Ahşap tozu öyküsü intestinal tip için anlamlıdır, ancak BT'de bu histolojiyi kanıtlamaz.
  • Lamina papyracea dehisansı anatomik varyant olarak görülebilir.
  • Tümörü eşlik eden sekresyonlardan ayırmada MR'ın yumuşak doku kontrastı neoplastik dokuyu burun sekresyonu ve inflamatuvar değişikliklerden ayırt etmeye yardımcı olur.

Kendini dene

  1. Etmoid merkezli sinonazal kitle ve mesleki ahşap tozu maruziyeti, hangi adenokarsinom alt tipiyle ilişkilidir?

    Cevabı göster

    İntestinal tip adenokarsinom. Mesleki ahşap tozu maruziyeti intestinal tip adenokarsinomla ilişkilidir; görüntüleme histolojik alt tipi tek başına belirlemez.

  2. Sinonazal adenokarsinomun histolojik tipi nasıl belirlenir?

    Cevabı göster

    Biyopsi ve histolojik incelemeyle. Histolojik tip biyopsi ve histolojik incelemeyle belirlenir.

İlgili konular

Kaynaklar

Bu sayfadaki 39 cümle ve 2 quiz sorusu aşağıdaki kaynaklardan alıntılarla otomatik olarak karşılaştırıldı; 22 cümle bu karşılaştırmada düzeltildi (2026-10-09).

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Eğitim amaçlıdır; hasta başında tanı ve tedavi kararının yerine geçmez, tıbbi tavsiye değildir. Metinler yapay zekâ desteğiyle yazıldı ve otomatik bir adımda kaynak alıntılarıyla karşılaştırıldı; bu bir tıbbi doğrulama değildir ve içerik uzman radyolog incelemesinden geçmedi. Klinik kararlarda güncel kılavuzları, kurum protokollerini ve radyoloji raporunu esas alın.